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--- cards:red_black_relationship_principle [2013/12/26 18:19]
tylerwilson
+++ cards:red_black_relationship_principle [2017/06/28 14:57] (current)
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 ====== Red/Black Relationship Principle ======
-This principle makes use of the fact that there is an equal number of red and black cards in the deck. Thus when two piles are formed, one with x cards and the remainder with 52-x cards, then the number of red cards in x equals the number of black cards in the remainder plus 26-x. A special case is that the two piles are equal with 26 cards each, since in that case 26-x=0 and thus the red cards in one half equal the black cards in the other half.
+This principle makes use of the fact that there is an equal number of red and black cards in the deck. Thus when two piles are formed, one with x cards and the remainder with 52 - x cards, then the number of red cards in x equals the number of black cards in the remainder plus 26 - x. A special case is that the two piles are equal, with 26 cards each, since in that case 26 - x = 0 and thus the red cards in one half equal the black cards in the other half.
-The roots of the trick can be found in an old puzzle involving the literal mixing of wine and water. David Singmaster has traced this puzzle back to //Mathematical Recreations And Problems Of Past And Present Times, Third Edition//, 1896, p. 25. The first application to magic, involving red and black playing cards, appears to be Stewart James' [[http://askalexander.org/display/12684/The+James+File/176|"Tapping a Brain Wave"]] and [[http://askalexander.org/display/12684/The+James+File/178|"The Psychic Pickpocket"]], both devised in 1938, but not published until //The James File//, 2000, p. 1147-1149.
+The roots of the trick can be found in an old puzzle involving the literal mixing of wine and water. David Singmaster has traced this puzzle back to //Mathematical Recreations And Problems Of Past And Present Times, Third Edition//, 1896, p. 25. The first application to magic, involving red and black playing cards, appears to be Stewart James's [[http://askalexander.org/display/12684/The+James+File/176|"Tapping a Brain Wave"]] and [[http://askalexander.org/display/12684/The+James+File/178|"The Psychic Pickpocket"]], both devised in 1938, but not published until //The James File//, 2000, p. 1147-1149.
 Oscar Weigle published "The Little Star Prediction" in //[[http://askalexander.org/display/36571/Genii/9|Genii]]//, Vol. 4 No. 3, Nov. 1939, p. 73. (It is presumably this publication that led Stewart James to avoid publishing his related routines.)
-Robert Hummer made use of the principle, in expectedly unusual ways. See [[http://askalexander.org/display/14551/Half+Dozen+Hummers/5|"The Magic Separation"]] and [[http://askalexander.org/display/14551/Half+Dozen+Hummers/6|"Face Up Prediction"]] in //Half-a-Dozen Hummers//, 1940, and a marketed trick, [[http://askalexander.org/display/13059/Bob+Hummer+s+Collected+Secrets/50|"Gremlins"]], 1943.
+Robert Hummer made use of the principle, in expectedly unusual ways. See [[http://askalexander.org/display/14551/Half+Dozen+Hummers/5|"The Magic Separation"]] and [[http://askalexander.org/display/14551/Half+Dozen+Hummers/6|"Face Up Prediction"]] in //Half-a-Dozen Hummers//, 1940, p. 1 & 2, and a marketed trick, [[http://askalexander.org/display/13059/Bob+Hummer+s+Collected+Secrets/50|"Gremlins"]], 1943.
 Another early use is Warren Wiersbe's "The Perfect Card Prediction" from //[[http://askalexander.org/display/14833/Action+With+Cards/19|Action With Cards]]//, 1944, p. 16. Later, Arthur Hill published "The Odd Color" in //[[http://askalexander.org/display/12839/Pallbearers+Review+Vol+5+6/138|The Pallbearer’s Review]]//, Vol. 6 No. 8, June 1971, p. 424. Here Karl Fulves writes: "The principle is old, but well concealed in this routine."

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